The Role of Molehills and Grasses for Filial Nest Founding in the Wood Ant Formica exsecta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

In polydomous populations of the wood ant Formica exsecta filial nest founding is common. This is relevant for colony dynamics, short-distance dispersal and colony survival. However, little is known about nest site choice, microsite requirements and the nest-building behavior itself. In this context we evaluate the role of the European mole, Talpa europaea, as an ecosystem engineer that provides suitable nest sites. Here we describe in detail the initial phase of nest founding of F. exsecta, especially the role of grasses and sandy soils for mound construction. Furthermore, we discuss consequences of conservation strategies for vegetation successions, habitat persistence and colony dynamics.